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Lant Disturbance Ecology: The Process and the Response, Second Edition, is fully updated and clearly presents how scientists can use a multitude of approaches in plant disturbance ecology. Chapters on fire and beavers from the previous edition were combined into more extensive and inclusive chapters covering disturbance. There are new chapters on windstorms, droughts, and tree uprooting. All chapters from the first edition have been updated to include the latest research. Edited and written by leading experts in the field, this second edition is an essential resource for scientists interested in understanding plant disturbance and ecological processes. Disturbance ecology is still an active area of research and there have been many advances in new areas. One emerging direction in disturbance studies is the increased coupling of physical and ecological processes, and not just their forcing. Disturbances are increasingly traced back further in space and time to mechanisms that are causing the disturbances themselves (e.g., earth surface processes and mesoscale and larger meteorological processes), and the ecological effects being studied are becoming more physiological.

General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Plant ecology. --- Ecological disturbances. --- Forest canopy ecology.

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A plant canopy, a collection of leaves, is an ecosystem-level unit of photosynthesis that assimilates carbon dioxide and exchanges other gases and energy with the atmosphere in a manner highly sensitive to ambient conditions including atmospheric carbon dioxide and water vapor concentrations, light and temperature, and soil resource availability. In addition to providing carbon skeletons and chemical energy for most of the living organisms, these key  canopy functions affect global climate through modification of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and through altering surface albedo. This interaction, the climate-carbon cycle feedback, is one of the most uncertain processes for projection of future global climate. This book describes our current knowledge of canopy photosynthesis that has accumulated over the last hundred years since the pioneering study of P. Boysen Jensen. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of plant canopy physiology, ecology and physics with emphasis on predictive modeling techniques. The book is divided into five parts covering hierarchy of canopy processes in time and space. Two chapters in Part 1 discuss the basic physical processes on light attenuation and energy transfer in plant canopies, while three chapters in Part 2 deal with the principle mechanisms of leaf gas-exchange regulation and the patterns and mechanisms of variations in leaf traits. Three chapters in Part 3 focus on whole-plant processes in plant canopies. Part 4 (in four chapters) describes how vegetation functions are assessed by modeling, eddy-covariance techniques, and remote sensing and forest inventory. Finally, three chapters in Part 5 discuss the relationships between canopy photosynthesis and other vegetation processes in plant stands.

Plant Physiology --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Photosynthesis. --- Plant canopies. --- Canopies, Plant --- Canopy, Plant --- Plant canopy --- Plant communities --- Photobiology --- Plants --- Gases from plants --- Effect of light on --- Photorespiration --- Plant physiology. --- Plant Physiology. --- Physiology

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Hydrological processes in forested watersheds are influenced by environmental, physiological, and biometric factors such as precipitation, radiation, temperature, species type, leaf area, and extent and structure of forest ecosystems. Over the past two centuries, forest coverage and forest structures have been impacted globally by anthropogenic activities, for example, forest harvesting, and conversion of forested landscapes for plantations and urbanization. In addition, since the industrial revolution, climate change has resulted in profound impacts on forest ecosystems due to higher carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration or CO2 fertilization, warmer temperatures, changes in frequency and intensity of extreme weather events and natural disturbances. As a result, hydrological processes in forested watersheds have been altered by these natural and anthropogenic factors and these changes are expected to accelerate due to future changing climatic conditions.

East Asia --- climate variability --- metals --- woody litter --- extreme weather events --- frequency analysis --- relative contribution --- streamflow variability --- probability distribution --- trace metal --- climate change --- annual streamflow --- hydroclimatology --- forest disturbances --- river discharge --- climate warming --- Weihe River --- non-woody litter --- riparian forest --- low flow --- Central Asia --- canopy filtering --- flood --- SWAT --- Chu River --- annual water yield --- forest hydrology --- throughfall --- flow regimes --- Schrenk spruce (Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et Mey.) --- tree rings --- forest floor --- reforestation --- land-use change --- low flows --- watershed management --- high flow --- forest disturbance --- subalpine forest --- gap-edge canopy --- human activities --- boreal forest --- Tianshan Mountains --- closed canopy --- groundwater level --- fruit tree planting --- hydrological model --- high flows --- cumulative effects --- reconstruction --- headwater stream --- partial least squares (PLS) regression --- streamflow

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Poised between soil and sky, forest canopies represent a critical point of exchange between the atmosphere and the earth, yet until recently, they remained a largely unexplored frontier. For a long time, problems with access and the lack of tools and methods suitable for monitoring these complex bioscapes made canopy analysis extremely difficult. Fortunately, canopy research has advanced dramatically in recent decades. Methods in Forest Canopy Research is a comprehensive overview of these developments for explorers of this astonishing environment. The authors describe methods for reaching the canopy and the best ways to measure how the canopy, atmosphere, and forest floor interact. They address how to replicate experiments in challenging environments and lay the groundwork for creating standardized measurements in the canopy-essential tools for for understanding our changing world.

Forest canopies --- Forests and forestry --- Forest research --- Forestry research --- Canopies, Forest --- Canopy cover, Tree --- Cover, Forest crown --- Cover, Forest overstory --- Cover, Tree --- Cover, Tree canopy --- Crown canopies, Forest --- Crown cover, Forest --- Forest crown canopies --- Forest crown cover --- Forest overstory cover --- Overstory cover, Forest --- Tree canopy cover --- Tree cover --- Plant canopies --- Research --- Methodology. --- Research. --- animals that live in trees. --- beauty of forests. --- biodiversity. --- biology. --- books about birds. --- books about the environment. --- books for scientists. --- easy to read. --- educational books. --- engaging. --- environmental ecology. --- forest canopies. --- forest canopy research. --- forest evolution. --- history of forest. --- home school science books. --- how to study canopies. --- informative books. --- learning from experts. --- native americans. --- page turner. --- planet earth lovers. --- plant science. --- plants in biological science. --- science lovers. --- unexplored environments.

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The book presents a collection of papers focused on recent progress in key areas of photogrammetry for environmental research. Applications oriented to the understanding of natural phenomena and quantitative processes using dataset from photogrammetry (from satellite to unmanned aerial vehicle images) and terrestrial laser scanning, also by a diachronic approach, are reported. The book covers topics of interest of many disciplines from geography, geomorphology, engineering geology, geotechnology, including landscape description and coastal studies. Mains issues faced by the book are related to applications on coastal monitoring, using multitemporal aerial images, and investigations on geomorphological hazard by the joint use of proximal photogrammetry, terrestrial and aerial laser scanning aimed to the reconstruction of detailed surface topography and successive 2D/3D numerical simulations for rock slope stability analyses. Results reported in the book bring into evidence the fundamental role of multitemporal surveys and reliable reconstruction of morphologies from photogrammetry and laser scanning as support to environmental researches.

damage --- n/a --- plain area --- UAS --- photogrammetry --- geological hazard --- ZY3-02 --- UAV --- Remote sensing --- geohazards --- declassified satellite imagery --- TLS --- rock slope stability --- field work --- Pleiades --- georelief --- landslide mapping --- talus cones --- coastline --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- SfM photogrammetry --- beach monitoring --- LiDAR --- poplar plantation --- air photos --- canopy height --- remote sensing --- monitoring --- torrential rainfall --- SfM-MVS --- rockfall runout --- rockfall hazard --- SfM --- Lefkada Island --- slope stability --- coastal observatory